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本帖最后由 天策-萌二姐 于 2023-12-22 00:02 编辑
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, q2 o% ]% j4 T. N天策百科——冬季两项 . [: s: t x, Q8 o5 c% r2 v
冬季两项结合了越野滑雪的力量和侵略性以及射击所需要的精准和冷静。 8 a5 h- H/ [9 t Y, U4 K( Z, N
源于生存需要
0 b9 p; Z" \5 ?; C8 Z/ K“Biathlon”（冬季两项的英文名称）这个词源于希腊语，代表着今日我们所谓的射击运动和滑雪运动。冬季两项运动源于人们在斯堪的纳维亚大雪覆盖的地区出于求生需要所掌握的技巧。在那里，人们会脚踩滑雪板、手持步枪在野外打猎。
7 _& ^7 n' V a8 k2 n/ _4 }3 k规则标准化8 O. O; ?* L3 E6 N1 f0 Y
1948年，国际现代五项和冬季两项联盟（UIPMB，又称国际现代五项总会）成立，随之而来的就是冬季两项和现代五项的规则标准化。1993年，UIPMB冬季两项分支成立了国际冬季两项联盟（IBU），并于1998年彻底从UIPMB中脱离出来。 ; C5 s) F! Q3 P3 V4 O# P. l+ I! f
首项赛事
3 v# |& W8 Z9 Z! r9 _4 |" `# r& ~$ q斯堪的纳维亚地区，类似冬季两项赛制的比赛早在18世纪时就有举办过。现代冬季两项首个赛事可能最早是在1912年出现，当时挪威军队在奥斯陆组织了Forvarsrennet赛事。该赛事每年举行，由17公里越野滑雪加射击项目组成，射击过程中每一次脱靶都会罚时2分钟。 7 C3 u5 G. d& K+ y' W: u. i! @
奥运会历史
' E8 o0 R7 _; w# W4 {( b! O1924年霞慕尼冬奥会上，古老形式的冬季两项比赛完成了冬奥会首秀，该项目称为军事巡逻。此后，这项运动在1928、1936、1948年以展示项目亮相冬奥会。在多次尝试加入冬季现代五项项目后，冬季两项在1960年司阔谷冬奥会上以当今该运动的形态完成了冬奥会正式的首秀。女子冬季两项在1992年阿尔贝维尔冬奥会上首次亮相。 # t! D0 ]) k9 x3 ]9 Y1 B
直到1976年因斯布鲁克冬奥会，冬奥会冬季两项一直由个人赛和接力赛组成。1980年普莱西德湖冬奥会上，又加入了一个新的个人项目。 ! N# r- e% s% d$ E/ l R- \
2002年盐湖城冬奥会上，加入了男子12.5公里追逐和女子10公里追逐。从2006年都灵冬奥会开始，又加入男子/女子集体出发项目。该项目由世界杯前30位选手共同参赛。 * S2 j0 b: G7 V9 E* I# D0 `$ v/ @
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