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特评:彩票业如何才能超越“赌性”成就公益
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[p=30, 2, left]新华每日电讯评论员:丁永勋[/p][p=30, 2, left]彩票,在我们周围几乎无处不在,在很多人看来,那是个暧昧又令人兴奋的东西。在我国,彩票业一直都顶着公益的光环,买彩被视为做慈善,在帮助别人的同时,也给自己一个希望。但是,在实际操作和宣传中,往往只突出了小搏大的中大奖案例,放大了人们一夜暴富欲望,创办彩票事业的初衷却被冲淡了。因此,有媒体调查认为,彩票发行正在由公益滑向Dubo(12月7日《法治周末》)。[/p][p=30, 2, left]其实,从规则设计上来看,彩票与Dubo并无根本不同,最大的区别在于,作为公益事业的彩票业以国家信用担保,彩票收入用于公益和公共事业,而不是进入私人腰包,这是公益彩票区别于“私彩”和非法Dubo的根本特征。在我国,彩票业成为增长最为强劲的行业之一,已成为一个庞大的产业,彩票销售帮助很多困难群体解决了就业难题,彩票收入也成为社会公益金的主要来源之一。中央下拨的地震救灾专项资金、财政每年安排的医疗救助补助资金,有相当一部分都来自广大彩民贡献的彩票公益金。[/p][p=30, 2, left]毋庸讳言,很多人买彩票都盼着能中奖,但不能因此抹杀彩民对公益事业的贡献。按照我国彩票行业的“规则设计”,彩票筹款的50%作为奖金返还中奖者,35%用于社会福利公益事业,15%用于发行管理金。可以这么理解,彩民买一张2元彩票的同时,就铁定为公益事业“捐”了7毛钱。[/p][p=30, 2, left]这样的规则设计,也注定了买彩票总体上要“亏本”的,中奖的毕竟是极少数。因此不能当做一种日常投资手段;购买彩票虽然是值得鼓励的行善行为,但也要科学规划、量力而行。[/p][p=30, 2, left]然而,在实际宣传中,往往过于渲染一夜暴富的案例,对不理性的买彩行为缺乏必要的警示。其实,沉迷其中甚至倾家荡产的例子并不少见。因痴迷买彩票,走上贪污、抢劫道路的也时有耳闻。因为单张彩票面额小、门槛低,买彩票的多是低收入者。在彩票销售点前徘徊张望的,就有不少农民工的身影。由于彩票销售缺乏监督,不少未成年人,也加入了彩民的行列。[/p][p=30, 2, left]这说明,我国彩票业固然贡献巨大,也有逐渐偏离公益本意的倾向。此外,时有耳闻的“巨奖疑云”和“彩票内幕”,也在侵蚀彩票业的形象和公信力。但是这似乎没有影响人们对彩票的热情,人们总希望自己成为那个幸运儿。[/p][p=30, 2, left]鉴于人们对彩票业的复杂观感,要彻底把彩票和Dubo切割开来,至少需要在两个方面努力:[/p][p=30, 2, left]第一,从立法和制度上规范彩票业。包括“玩法”的设定、程序的透明、彩票公益金的使用和监督等,都要做到有章可循。要改变民政、体育主管部门既发行又监管的现状,引入独立的社会监督;同时要加强对彩票收益的监管,彩票公益金全部纳入预算,接受公共财政监管。[/p][p=30, 2, left]第二,要引导彩民理性行善,减少即开型、数字型等“赌性”更强的彩票玩法,限制对中大奖消息的过度渲染。还要告诉公众,彩票是公益事业,买彩票是“大家帮助大家”的慈善行为,不是一夜暴富的工具。彩票本质上是一种社会再分配方式,不能当做投资手段。完善的规则加上理性的彩民,才能让彩票业褪去Dubo色彩,成为名副其实的公益事业。http://www.qq.com/favicon.ico[/p]
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