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[虚拟币交流]
以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。% w6 m- }* I" I" Z- q' M7 e
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路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-8025
# n8 v6 o) q, u" M$ Y; E4 k3 G这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。
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与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。" v, F5 W7 Y. @
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重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。
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这为什么重要？' V4 }& F5 [- [2 U/ m0 |1 K" Y
现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。# t( M: N3 m9 ]* _
4 S' X; `6 B; {2 Z" S( |( h; h3 w零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。/ K) j0 ^4 @% y5 f
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更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。
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3 z$ r" \4 L" z: u2 s/ t2 a如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。; G* c# F$ ^3 |! b! d3 k* S, U
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安全、架构和全局+ K' u! u f) s* Y9 Z5 p
根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。, }) V" f u5 @
( m y; l: f# `8 J7 g声明内容如下：1 Y* T9 y4 A4 K$ U, i: [( j4 {" `. r0 A
& u' U( F& F. k* k% J* n8 H5 w这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。
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除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。
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" {" e1 J4 A2 l* M7 ~# u" t8 R N最后想说的话2 g4 c" J7 r. S# i
EIP-8025 可以让以太坊区块验证速度更快、重量更轻，从而能够再次在笔记本电脑上运行。' X" y1 \0 H& ]; T& k9 S6 p* n1 R% j
以太坊将在扩展其基础层的同时，有效提升安全性。& E- `0 l" a& h# o
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这波升级要是成了，矿工节点怕是要卷出新高度啊，坐等看谁先吃上螃蟹。 |
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