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当前离线
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一提到金融，大家最先想到的恐怕就是银行。不管是转账、存款还是贷款，几乎都得通过银行来完成。这就是我们熟悉的中心化金融。银行，就是那个不可或缺的中心。
# d8 ~; t+ a1 g0 E+ f4 W但有没有一种可能，金融活动可以不再依赖银行这样的中间机构？答案就是DeFi，去中心化金融。
% |( Z* X0 l, O, _+ y' d在DeFi的世界里，一切金融操作都在区块链上完成，靠的是提前写好的智能合约自动执行。
! b t* {" E( X" V+ D4 B0 g没有柜台、没有信贷员、甚至没有银行，只有代码和规则。. t/ J/ I- o H; \3 Y
以借贷为例。# D# p( H2 t4 L7 ~
传统世界里，你想向银行贷款，得提交收入证明、抵押房产，签一堆文件，等银行审核通过后才能拿到钱。! K2 e* y. o: t |3 k% M" f
而在DeFi中，这一切变得像在一个全自动的当铺里进行。你不用面对任何人，只需跟程序打交道。2 G1 s% G) W/ ^. C
这个当铺能运转，靠的是下面3个核心部件
7 l9 ~$ D( t2 n7 J/ e; U区块链好比一个公开的账本，记录所有交易，谁都不能篡改。比如在以太坊上记录了你的账户下有1000个以太币，你有这1000个以太币才能进行抵押借贷。2 n1 z5 R# N3 H8 X
然后抵押借钱的关键在于，你抵押的资产到底值多少钱。
" h) h( e# D& ]8 F G) Z, g传统金融中有专门的人来评估你的房产。在Defi中则依靠Chainlink 预言机，它负责实时汇报外部价格。比如说1个以太币3000美元。
@1 U2 M1 P% S9 k8 L' s有了区块链和预言机，当铺才知道了你抵押的资产值多少钱。但你能借多少钱，利息多少，钱从哪里来。
F% W8 Y: W% ]. L# X, Q% A0 K这些就是借贷协议层，这里就相当于当铺本体，规定了借贷行为的各种规则
& W2 U: V& D5 n典型代表有 Aave 和 Compound。
# Q/ s( U7 q0 {+ I- B* M0 p$ K! |比如我们定义了资金池，所有想赚利息的人，把钱存进来的，形成了一个大资金池。这些钱就可以拿去借给别人。2 C6 f# |5 I3 a4 n- [
你想借钱，就从池子里拿。你存钱进去，就相当于当了债主，能收到别人借钱的利息。6 Q% O u5 y$ x! k+ {& I# Z& w
你想借100块钱，那你必须抵押价值至少150块的东西，防止你借钱跑了。" p7 j6 {+ _. Z5 Y) Z H. ?2 y
万一你抵押的东西价格暴跌，只值120块了，机器人店员不会打电话催你，会直接把你抵押的东西卖掉，先把100块本金拿回来，保护资金池的安全。这个过程就叫清算，对你来说很无情，但对存钱的人来说很安全。
v9 R$ V- Q; }7 ^ E+ v这些零零散散的借贷协议，保证了当铺的运作。
! \, S7 E# [! Z8 c0 [DeFi不是虚无的概念，它正在重构我们对金融的认知。当然，它仍处于早期阶段，高收益往往高风险，特别是智能合约漏洞和资产波动可能导致资产直接归零。6 _& U2 b2 m5 P" x
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DeFi就是金融版的自助餐厅，无需排队银行，直接和智能合约搞定 |
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当前离线
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