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中美两国在打击非法金融活动、加强网络安全和确保全球稳定方面拥有共同利益。未来形势将更多取决于价值观和治理，而非技术。
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2025年，美国国会在塑造数字资产监管格局方面迈出决定性一步。7月，众议院推进了三项重要立法：《指导与建立美国稳定币国家创新法案》（天才法案）、《数字资产市场清晰法案》（清晰法案）
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6 Y; C8 v& D2 E" X以及《反中央银行数字货币监控国家法案》（反CBDC法案）。《天才法案》已于7月18日由特朗普总统签署成为法律；《清晰法案》和《反CBDC法案》已在众议院获得通过，目前正等待参议院审议。 ; e/ e$ G9 v; j# W' n0 @
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三项法案，三个领域
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; K' P: _' i1 ?8 r& e4 ]《天才法案》以稳定币为核心内容。该法案建立了联邦和州双重监管架构，要求发行人持有高质量资本储备、维持资本充足率标准，并定期披露储备构成。该框架使得稳定币具有更接近银行和货币市场( H0 L* h9 i8 p$ |4 Y( Z W1 T# D
m, Q- B" j" v, p! `; B' N基金的监管标准，同时也为各州向小型发行人发放许可提供了空间。《清晰法案》则主要解决资产分类的核心问题。与此同时，《反CBDC法案》明确禁止美联储发行能够被美国ZF监控的央行数字货0 E- X% M$ ~$ r+ u# h6 m- y
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币（CBDC），这反映出共和党对中央集权的不信任。( w- [' d/ H8 a" s8 i
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+ C1 E- I; F/ L. N6 {美东时间2025年7月18日，美国总统特朗普在白宫正式签署《指导与建立美国稳定币国家创新法案》（又称《天才法案》），标志着美国稳定币监管立法进入实施阶段。, I' y9 _0 B# A E2 f" d- l w5 r/ |
: W1 k! p' f0 n0 F# ]% a. _* m将这些问题拆分成三项法案，既体现了法律必要性，也体现了ZZ策略。稳定币、资产分类和央行数字货币涉及不同的法定制度、监管机构和意识形态，如果将它们捆绑成一项法案，其通过过程将极其7 y9 w3 |4 [% B" c
% i+ J7 ~) p# Y/ u0 q6 a- t复杂，相比之下，为它们分开制定法案，能确保更有针对性地达成共识。然而必须指出的是，这三项法案虽然内容全面，但并未涵盖所有数字资产监管议程。它们留下了一些悬而未决的问题，例如去中) k' f; V: i! F, _0 q
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心化金融的反洗钱义务、加密货币交易的税收，以及银行和经纪商/交易商的托管规则。: _6 ~; ]6 s% K0 S5 j5 O
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美国的监管框架将在全球范围产生强烈反响。首先，中短期内，稳定币的合法化和监管可能巩固数字美元在国际金融中的主导地位。区块链数据分析公司Chainalysis估计，2024年稳定币的转账总额估计; |7 ~6 W0 a/ D4 I, ?; j( c
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达3万亿美元，其中 80%以上以美元计价。法律的明确性可能加速其在零售支付、企业财务和跨境汇款中的应用。其次，通过明确市场类别，美国可以从其他竞争地区抢占商业资源。欧洲的加密资产市( b6 \* }: W+ M8 O, Y
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场监管法案（MiCA）虽然内容全面，但外界认为其限制性很强，尤其是对去中心化金融（DeFi）和算法稳定币而言，这可能迫使企业重返美国市场。第三，美国拒绝央行数字货币，没有将全球数字货币1 M2 q R6 j$ B; U1 `2 p( ^! Z
: |" ?/ @/ }8 \4 z0 l; e# z: h竞争视为技术竞赛，而是定义为一场治理模式之争：一边是隐私和自由市场，一边是所谓由国家驱动的金融架构。 * G: J9 p- k! |% w" ]9 e) T5 J
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当前离线
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当前离线
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