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出生年月：1899年1月5日
5 r$ C1 g+ ~1 R# r& n 死于：1975年11月12日5 w* Y( d7 d. v# ~/ b
$ u6 X( ^* U! m* c, G, Y+ m
WSOP成绩：9 P2 }5 U4 w% g; W
金手镯：1条
# H/ j, ]( l7 [; ~: b 钱圈：1次 n" ~" r2 A) r0 k
/ n, |* A0 L/ _2 k- n Joe Bernstein是一名扑克玩家和公路赌徒。他出生在俄罗斯。在他还是小男孩的时候，跟家里一起移居美国，定居在俄勒冈州。他在21岁的时候离开家，很多年都奔波在路上，四处寻找扑克游戏和其他的菠菜机会。当时，美国任何地方都是禁止菠菜的。在拉斯维加斯的菠菜合法化后，Bernstein一生中大部分时间都呆在那，直到死亡。) `( ?+ H8 W9 [3 c+ Z
. G8 C9 E+ l4 p Joe Bernstein被认为是最早一批在二十一点扑克游戏中开发出“算牌数”开发者。在20世纪40年代晚期，Joe在旧金山DC看过二十一点扑克的玩法。在游戏中，Joe注意到，在桌上剩下的牌不到四分之一时，还没有发出过A。于是他迅速下注，并且击中A和10获胜。在单一一副牌中只剩下很少的牌时，并且他知道A还没发出来时，他再次下注，当然再次获胜了。Joe第2天又返回了游戏，继续打牌和观察。他现在把焦点扩大了，不只注意A，还开始注意人头牌和10。Joe意识到，如果他注意在剩余的大约四分之一的牌中剩下的A、人头牌和10有多少张，就能知道自己何时击中或拿到牌，以及何时下重要的大注。当天离开后，Joe发现他可能接触到某些非常重要的概念了。
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5 B/ M% t7 }+ G2 `4 g+ c( I6 h Joe联系了他在美国东海岸的朋友，知名的赌徒Manny Kimmel。Kimmel飞到拉斯维加斯与Joe见了面。经过几天的分析和讨论，这两位把另一位朋友拉进了讨论的圈子，他就是知名的职业赌徒Betty Brown。这三人合作提炼出算牌数系统，在拉斯维加斯的21点桌子上取得了某些程度上的成功。( U( x( Y5 ?7 `4 {. D0 F3 ~% c2 B- h
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他们很快决定联系Jess Marcum。Marcum是一位数学家，他一直在独自致力于开发21点扑克的策略，主要算牌法。Marcum之前已经独立得出了一个认知，一个人可以从一副牌中计算出A、人头牌和10，并从中的得知何时击中牌或何时下注。Marcum是一个数学和菠菜的天才，他跟这个团队一起，提炼出盈利的算牌系统。# _6 n4 _; W" o; j8 J( `
8 b! E' }9 \; P& u2 h$ B Edward Thorp博士，一位麻省理工学院的数学教授也参与了21点盈利系统的开发。1962年，Thorp写了一本书，名为"Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One"《击败庄家：21点游戏中的盈利策略》。这本书是在Manny Kimmel对Thorp培训了Bernstein小组开发的策略后写作的。4 |8 c: a( t* r7 Z( k
3 h" A1 @ Y- ~ 20世纪60年代，Joe受邀到Stardust饭店参加俱乐部游戏。成群的人们每天晚上聚集在那里，观看Joe打21点，并且试图判定他的盈利方法。从那以后，算牌法成为一种公共的知识，许多人都用算牌法尝试他们的运气。之后，俱乐部设立了"the shoe"的使用，这是一个包含了多副扑克牌的盒子。这使得算牌法基本上无法使用了。
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Joe和许多传奇的拉斯维加斯赌徒属于同期的人物，比如Jess Marcum, Manny Kimmel, Benny Binion, Amarillo Slim, Sid Wyman, Betty Brown和Doyle Brunson。Joe在1973年还获得了WSOP金手镯。, N% k4 ^6 O1 i \' C# N2 M/ R, T
8 L& B0 c4 W! ~: d1 [ 他在1983年入选扑克名人纪念馆。 |
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