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[虚拟币交流]
欧盟加密货币监管斗争愈演愈烈 法国威胁祭出“核武器”（转）
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【欧洲时报9月16日李非编译】法国金融市场管理局（AMF）负责人表示，法方已发出警告，可能会阻止一些在其他欧盟国家获得许可的加密货币公司在本国运营，此举旨在推动监管权限移交至欧盟中央证券监管机构。路透社报道，AMF主席玛丽-安妮·芭芭特-拉亚尼表示，该机构担心，在欧盟新的监管制度下，加密货币公司正寻求许可标准更为宽松的司法管辖区。
5 V c [7 j, U《加密资产市场条例》（MiCA）是今年生效的一套具有里程碑意义的数字资产法规，允许加密货币公司向个别欧盟成员国申请许可证，该证照可作为“通行证”在欧盟内部运营。
/ s* \! Q( ~' P! R6 Y0 ~0 C这项立法已经暴露了各国监管机构在实施规则方面的不一致，引发了一些问题，即一些许可证是否发放得太快，以及跨国公司是否得到了充分的监管。: {4 X% u5 W! Z
监管漏洞拉响警报
% }( j* M y: o I- i0 s这场风暴的核心是价值数万亿美元的加密货币行业的监管问题。路透社看到的一份文件显示，15日，法国加入意大利和奥地利的阵营，呼吁总部位于巴黎的欧洲证券和市场管理局（ESMA）接管对主要加密货币公司的监管。; Y4 w! j( w ^6 X
AMF表示，其已发出了迄今为止最严厉的警告，称法国不排除使用“核武器”，挑战其他成员国颁发的“通行证”的可能。
3 B4 b$ M5 v8 _作为欧盟金融服务单一市场的标志性制度，“通行证”允许获得一个成员国授权的公司在整个欧盟开展业务。AMF没有详细说明它可能考虑挑战哪些公司持有的证照，或依据何种理由。' f0 T% ^" |; V* l7 f+ R; p! I; q
芭芭特-拉亚尼表示，加密货币平台“正在欧洲各地进行监管套利，试图寻找监管漏洞以获取比其他地区要求更宽松的牌照”，但未提供具体案例。
. k! z+ Q E" k监管机构间存在重大差异& l+ u# u3 L0 c9 K+ y: n0 Z: d& p
文件中，AMF、意大利国家证券监督委员会（Consob）和奥地利金融市场监管局（FMA）呼吁欧洲立法者引入一种将权力移交给ESMA的机制。
/ D3 _$ G' M# Z# q! h1 I, Q# X$ x三家监管机构表示，“MiCA实施初期已经暴露了各国当局对加密货币市场的监管方式存在重大差异”，并认为由欧洲层面直接监管将更好地保护投资者。0 D& ^( O0 r2 v7 g: H
ESMA的一位发言人表示，该监管机构将继续“密切工作”，以确保对加密货币公司的授权和监管在整个欧盟范围内保持一致。4 ?4 t2 d2 o; p4 N- w0 o
今年早些时候，马耳他金融监管机构因“通行证”发放程序而面临审查。ESMA的一项审查发现，马耳他方面在向一家特定的未具名加密货币公司颁发许可证时，未充分评估风险。但马耳他表示，为自己作为数字资产监管的“先行者”而感到自豪。" a, i2 s" J) Z( N0 I+ L4 B
目前，加密货币公司正在过渡期内通过MiCA申请许可证。法、意、奥呼吁修订MiCA，包括对企业在欧盟以外的活动制定更严格的规则，加强网络安全监督，并重新审视当局管理新型加密代币发行机制。2 }6 M0 V% x! _$ s; u$ O9 G, W" J% s
法国长期以来一直推动赋予ESMA更大的权力。ESMA主席维伦娜·罗斯欢迎这一举措，但表示这面临一些欧盟成员国的抵制。
/ t) F: W- h( I' y6 p% @+ ~（编辑：木子）
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